philosophy 8 multiple questions. 1. According to Cudd and Jones, the term ‘sexism’ refers to which of the following?
a. The widely held belief that women are inferior to men and deserve less.
B. Anything that makes women less well-off than men.
c. Anything that involves treating men and women differently.
d. The unjustified systemic disadvantage faced by women.
2. According to Frye, what is a double bind?
a. The double bind is a kind of knot used by sailors.
b. It is situation where one is bound by multiple social forces and has no choice in what to do.
c. It is a situation where choices are reduced to a few, and all of those choices have bad outcomes.
d. It is a situation where the choices of an oppressor bind the oppressed.
3. What is the purpose of Frye’s discussion of the custom of men opening doors for women?
a. To illustrate the difference between macroscopic and microscopic modes of analysis.
b. To show that some customs based on gender are okay when helpful.
c. To illustrate an example of a double bind.
d. To show that if a man ever opens a door for a woman, he is being sexist.
4. Which of the following best characterizes the role of sex in advertising according to Bordo?
a. Sex sells, so putting attractive members of the opposite sex near product will lead to positive attitudes toward the product.
b. Women’s eating serves as a metaphor for sexual experience, while men’s sexual appetite is a metaphor for their hunger.
c. Sex doesn’t really play a noticeable role in advertising, which is about getting information about a product into the world.
d. Sexual desire is natural for men so it is openly depicted, but for women such desire must be hidden through subtle hints.
5. Which of the following possible causes of poverty does “The End of Poverty” emphasize?
a. Greed on the part of owners of major companies
b. Colonialism as it transformed from political to contemporary economic forms
c. Bad education and work habits among citizens of developing nations
d. Political corruption in countries with developing economies
6. “The Debt of Dictators” suggests that the US and other developed nations had which of the following roles in creating the debt of dictators?
a. Developed nations borrowed money from dictators to fund extravagant social welfare programs
b. Developed nations were usually forced to loan money to dictators for humanitarian reasons
c. Developed nations willingly lent money to corrupt dictators because it was profitable to do so
d. Developed nations were largely uninvolved in the debt of dictators
7. Which of the following best characterizes Pogge’s thesis?
a. Most people in the US can help the impoverished around the world at little cost; while they are not obligated to do so, they would be more virtuous if they did so
b. Most people in the US are not actively harming the impoverished, but can still help them at little cost to themselves, therefore have an obligation to help them
c. Most people in the US are uninvolved in global injustice, and are not in a position to do anything about it
d. Most people in the US are actively harming those impoverished around the world, and consequently have an obligation to alleviate poverty
8. What is an intermediate duty according to Pogge?
a. Between perfect and imperfect duties, intermediate duties are always obligatory, but only under certain circumstances
b. An intermediate duty is one that balances the costs against the expected benefits of an action
c. Between positive and negative duties, intermediate duty requires action by agents, but is grounded in their duty not to harm others
d. An Intermediate duty occupies the mean between excess and deficiency in the character of the agent who acts
